找回密码
 立即注册

QQ登录

只需一步,快速开始

搜索
广告投放联系QQ68610888
查看: 20339|回复: 5

OpenWrt安装笔记,以及变砖恢复的经历

[复制链接]
发表于 2012-1-4 23:22 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
从DD-WRT换到OpenWRT的原因是DD-WRT管理界面网页有时响应特别慢,Transmission-gui remote对种子的操作(增加,删除,停止)也特别慢,经常会出现超时。
记得早期的DD-WRT和Transmission好像没有这么慢,现在用的版本是DD-WRT:12-14-11-r18007,Transmission:2.42。
于是决定给G300NH刷OpenWRT,目前稳定版是Backfire 10.03.1 final,参考了http://wiki.openwrt.org/toh/buffalo/wzr-hp-g300h,用命令行mtd命令刷的。

刷完OpenWRT后,
1.还需要安装kmod-usb-storage,这样才能挂上移动硬盘的分区。
参考:http://wiki.openwrt.org/zh-cn/doc/howto/usb.storage
kmod-fs-ext4         Ext4格式的内核级支持模块,向下兼容ext2, ext3
opkg install kmod-usb-storage
opkg install block-mount
opkg install kmod-fs-ext4

root@OpenWrt:/mnt# mkdir sda1
mount -t ext4 /dev/sda1 /mnt/ -o rw,sync
swapon /dev/sda2

编辑/etc/config/fstab

2.通过opkg安装transmission
参考:http://wiki.openwrt.org/doc/techref/opkg#installation.destination
opkg install transmission-daemon
opkg install transmission-web

transmission已经下载的种子文件中有文件保存路径信息,
所以还需要增加一个目录映射,使transmission可以找到原来已经下载了的文件。
mkdir /tmp/root
ln -s /mnt/root/Downloads/ /tmp/root/Downloads
transmission-daemon -T -a 192.168.*.* -g /mnt/app/transmission/ --log-error -e /mnt/transmission.log

关于“开启外网防火墙端口51413”,没有做,我的transmission-daemon设置的是使用随机端口。

3.安装samba
参考:http://wiki.openwrt.org/doc/howto/cifs.server
opkg install samba3
安装完后要改/etc/samba/smb.conf.template这个文件,使unix charset = UTF-8
修改/etc/config/samba,使想要的目录共享,并且设置成guest帐号可以使用。
还要修改目录的权限,使网上邻居能够修改。
chmod 777 * -R

http://wiki.openwrt.org/doc/howto/statistical.data.overview
opkg install collectd
opkg install luci-app-statistics
opkg install e2fsprogs

uci add firewall rule
uci set firewall.@rule[-1].src=wan
uci set firewall.@rule[-1].target=ACCEPT
uci set firewall.@rule[-1].proto=tcp
uci set firewall.@rule[-1].dest_port=51413
uci add firewall rule
uci set firewall.@rule[-1].src=wan
uci set firewall.@rule[-1].target=ACCEPT
uci set firewall.@rule[-1].proto=udp
uci set firewall.@rule[-1].dest_port=51413
uci commit firewall

fstab enable后,系统重启后会自己mount硬盘

4.安装DDNS
http://wiki.openwrt.org/doc/howto/ddns.client
opkg install luci-app-ddns
我申请了个https://www.dnsdynamic.org的DNS。
----------------------------------------------
查看硬盘SMART信息的工具
opkg install smartmontools
硬盘的状况:
smartctl -i /dev/sda
硬盘的健康状况:
smartctl -H /dev/sda
 楼主| 发表于 2012-1-4 23:26 | 显示全部楼层
12月29号把G300NH的固件从DD-WRT刷成了OpenWRT, 刷完后发现还得安装USB移动硬盘加载程序,Samba网上邻居共享服务器器程序,这些DD-WRT的固件都是集成了的,不需要自己安装。最后就是用opkg安装PT下载程序transmission.

1月1号折腾OpenWRT的统计功能,安装了Collectd,但是图一直生成不了。于是重置了OpenWRT,重新安装软件,在安装软件时觉得trunk上的软件最新,安装了kmod-fs-ext4,结果好像与我刷的OpenWRT的内核不兼容,系统启动不了了。试着TFTP恢复了几次,都没有成功。

只好去试用串口线的方式,我有个PL2302芯片的USB-TTL线,几年前买的,给蓝牙GPS升级固件的。
按照网上的说明(https://www.right.com.cn/forum/viewthread.php?tid=41966),把GND,TX,RX用3根线连好,将线插到电脑上,安装好驱动,之后用超级终端打开,在路由器启动时,就可以看到串口线上的输出信息了。
http://wiki.openwrt.org/toh/buffalo/wzr-hp-g300h

在TFTP时开着Terminal,能看到路由器的输出,所以很容易知道什么时候tftp server在等文件。因为TFTP server就只等4秒,所以时间的把握比较重要。
ps:G300NH路由器还真不容易拆开,它的4个螺丝是6边形的那种,我有一套6角螺丝用的螺丝刀,但是质量不太好,卸掉3个螺丝后,最后一个螺丝因为螺丝刀已经磨损打滑,怎么也拧不动,最后是费了好大的力气才打开。

下面是TFTP恢复时的一些比较重要的经验。
1.把握好TFTP上传的时间。
2.如果网卡是1GB的,需要要把网卡设置成100M的,
3.要保证arp正确。G300NH等待tftp上传文件时,IP是192.168.11.1,mac是02-AA-BB-CC-DD-1A
我在上传时总是出现设置了的arp会消失,导致TFTP上传还没有完成,就断掉。
命令:arp -s 192.168.11.1 02-AA-BB-CC-DD-1A

一台XP,把Media sense关了也总是不成功。传输了一点儿就断了,ARP -a命令查看时发现地址已经被改变。
网络直接连路由器和通过一个千兆的交换机都不行。

后来换成用win7 64bit的机器,路由器和笔记本连接到了同一个千兆交换机上,成功过一次,后来总失败。
最后用网线直接连到路由器上,就成功了。

经过反复刷了几次,感觉trunk上的下面两个文件都有问题,刷完后web管理界面连接不上。
openwrt-ar71xx-generic-wzr-hp-g300nh-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin
openwrt-ar71xx-generic-wzr-hp-g300nh-squashfs-tftp.bin
更新:后来看了下面的网页才知道,OpenWRT trunk上的固件就没有没有Luci web管理界面的,可以自己安装。不是刷坏了。
https://www.right.com.cn/forum/viewthread.php?tid=47563
刷了OPENWRT官方原版(无界面)---》安装WEB管理界面新手教程!

sysupgrade我是在10.03.1上升级来刷,tftp的文件我是通过tftp的方式来刷的,所以刷的方式应该是正确的。
最后放弃了使用trunk上的固件的企图,还是用了10.03.1的版本。
-----------------
文件“在10.03.1上安装trunk上的软件,导致无法启动时的串口Log.txt”中可以看到下面的错误信息。
Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init!

文件“TFTP刷机时的串口Log.txt”
eth1: 02:aa:bb:cc:dd:1a
eth1 up
...
tftp server(receive) go, waiting:4[sec]
Trying eth1
eth1 link down
FAIL
Trying eth0
eth0 is duplex
ag7100_check_link: _100BASET

可以看到只等4秒,有了串口线,在TFTP时不仅可以知道时机,还可以看到之后的进度信息。

没有串口线也能恢复,只是时机的把握比较麻烦。有串口线,TFTP时上传一半失败,在超级终端中也能看到。
----------------------------------------
最初我TFTP不成功也许是因为电脑的IP没有设置成192.168.11.2,而是设置成了192.168.11段的其它的。
另外,好像连接路由器的网线口得用靠近WAN的那个,我好像是随便用的。
http://wiki.openwrt.org/toh/buffalo/wzr-hp-g300h
It also expects the sending IP address to be 192.168.11.2.
The computer used for the install must be connected to the LAN port on the router closest to the WAN port.
On my device this is labeled LAN 4, and it corresponds to port 0 per the information below.

等下次再砖了,我试一下其它IP,其它网线口是否能成功。

本帖子中包含更多资源

您需要 登录 才可以下载或查看,没有账号?立即注册

×
 楼主| 发表于 2012-1-4 23:30 | 显示全部楼层
TFTP刷机时的串口Log
BUFFALO U-BOOT Ver 1.07
AP83--539 (ar9100) U-boot 0.0.12
64 MB
Memory Test (address line)
Memory Test start(0x00000000) end(0x04000000) size(67108864)
Data line test start:0x00000000 pattern 0x00000001 0x00000003 0x00000007 0x00000
00F 0x00000005 0x00000015 0x00000055 0xAAAAAAAA
Address line test start:0x00000000 len:0x4000000 pattern 0xAAAAAAAA 0x55555555

Fill test patnum:5
fill Pattern 5555AAAA  Writing...   Reading...
Top of RAM usable for U-Boot at: 84000000
Reserving 275k for U-Boot at: 83fb8000
Reserving 256k for malloc() at: 83f78000
Reserving 44 Bytes for Board Info at: 83f77fd4
Reserving 36 Bytes for Global Data at: 83f77fb0
Reserving 128k for boot params() at: 83f57fb0
Stack Pointer at: 83f57f98
Now running in RAM - U-Boot at: 83fb8000
Dev ID2:2222
Dev ID3:2201
Name: AMD-SPANSION Flash id: 0x1227E, Size: 33554432 bytes.
Flash: 32 MB
In:    serial
Out:   serial
Err:   serial
Memory Test
uboot use  83F57FB0 - 84000000
Memory Test start(80000000) end(83F00000) size(03F00000)
Pattern 00000000  Writing...  Reading...
Memory Test OK
### buf_ver=[1.07] U-Boot Ver.=[1.07]
### build_date(env)=[Dec 21 2009 - 10:37:11] build_date(bin)=[Dec 21 2009 - 10:3
7:11]
ag7100_enet_initialize...
: cfg1 0xf cfg2 0x7114
RTL8366 series driver, reading model-id...
  ID:0x6027, REV:0x6
rtl8366sr_phy_setup  ethUnit=0
Realtek 8366SR switch ID 0x8366
Realtek Greeen Ethernet Setup
eth0: 02:aa:bb:cc:dd:1a
eth0 up
: cfg1 0xf cfg2 0x7114
RTL8366 series driver, reading model-id...
eth1: 02:aa:bb:cc:dd:1a
eth1 up
eth0  02:AA:BB:CCD:1A
, eth1  02:AA:BB:CCD:1A

Trying eth0
eth0 is duplex
ag7100_check_link: _100BASET
dup 1 speed 100
CFG_PLL_FREQ=5
CFG_HZ=bebc200
cpu pll=1050
eth pll=1032
eth0 clk pll=13000a44
eth0 mii=12
eth0 cfg1=f
eth0 cfg2=7115
eth0 fcfg_0=1d1f00
eth0 fcfg_1=7ff0000
eth0 fcfg_2=fff
eth0 fcfg_3=780008
eth0 fcfg_4=3ffff
eth0 fcfg_5=3ffff

tftp server(receive) go, waiting:4[sec]
Trying eth1
eth1 link down
FAIL
Trying eth0
eth0 is duplex
ag7100_check_link: _100BASET
Load address: 0x81f00000
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
         $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
         $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
           $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
tftp server done
Bytes transferred = 3145760 (300020 hex)

Airstation Public header
Recv fw image [3145728] bytes, now writing...

Erase Flash from 0xbe060000 to 0xbe35ffff in Bank # 1 First 0x3 last 0x1a
100%
Erased 24 sectors
Copy to Flash...
Copy 3145728 byte to Flash...
100%
done
## Booting image at be060000 ...
   Image Name:   MIPS OpenWrt Linux-2.6.32.27
   Created:      2011-12-21   1:04:01 UTC
   Image Type:   MIPS Linux Kernel Image (lzma compressed)
   Data Size:    894165 Bytes = 873.2 kB
   Load Address: 80060000
   Entry Point:  80060000
   Verifying Checksum ... OK
   Uncompressing Kernel Image ... OK
No initrd
## Transferring control to Linux (at address 80060000) ...
## Giving linux memsize in bytes, 67108864

Starting kernel ...

Linux version 2.6.32.27 (jow@nd-build-02.linux-appliance.net) (gcc version 4.3.3
(GCC) ) #5 Wed Dec 21 01:59:33 CET 2011
bootconsole [early0] enabled
CPU revision is: 00019374 (MIPS 24Kc)
Atheros AR9132 rev 2, CPU:400.000 MHz, AHB:200.000 MHz, DDR:400.000 MHz
Determined physical RAM map:
memory: 04000000 @ 00000000 (usable)
Initrd not found or empty - disabling initrd
Zone PFN ranges:
  Normal   0x00000000 -> 0x00004000
Movable zone start PFN for each node
early_node_map[1] active PFN ranges
    0: 0x00000000 -> 0x00004000
Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 16256
Kernel command line: rootfstype=squashfs,yaffs,jffs2 noinitrd console=ttyS0,1152
00 board=WZR-HP-G300NH
PID hash table entries: 256 (order: -2, 1024 bytes)
Dentry cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
Primary instruction cache 64kB, VIPT, 4-way, linesize 32 bytes.
Primary data cache 32kB, 4-way, VIPT, cache aliases, linesize 32 bytes
Writing ErrCtl register=00000000
Readback ErrCtl register=00000000
Memory: 61692k/65536k available (2126k kernel code, 3772k reserved, 423k data, 1
52k init, 0k highmem)
SLUB: Genslabs=7, HWalign=32, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
Hierarchical RCU implementation.
NR_IRQS:56
Calibrating delay loop... 266.24 BogoMIPS (lpj=1331200)
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
NET: Registered protocol family 16
MIPS: machine is Buffalo WZR-HP-G300NH
Found an RTL8366S switch
bio: create slab <bio-0> at 0
Switching to clocksource MIPS
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 2048 bind 2048)
TCP reno registered
NET: Registered protocol family 1
squashfs: version 4.0 (2009/01/31) Phillip Lougher
Registering mini_fo version $Id$
JFFS2 version 2.2. (NAND) (SUMMARY)  ?? 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
yaffs Dec 10 2011 18:14:12 Installing.
msgmni has been set to 120
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler deadline registered (default)
Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 1 ports, IRQ sharing disabled
serial8250.0: ttyS0 at MMIO 0x18020000 (irq = 11) is a 16550A
console [ttyS0] enabled, bootconsole disabled
console [ttyS0] enabled, bootconsole disabled
ar91xx-flash ar91xx-flash: 02000000 at 1e000000
ar91xx-flash: Found 1 x16 devices at 0x0 in 16-bit bank
CFI mfr 0x00000001
CFI id  0x00002201
Amd/Fujitsu Extended Query Table at 0x0040
  Amd/Fujitsu Extended Query version 1.3.
ar91xx-flash: CFI does not contain boot bank location. Assuming top.
number of CFI chips: 1
cfi_cmdset_0002: Disabling erase-suspend-program due to code brokenness.
ar91xx-flash ar91xx-flash: using static partition mapping
Creating 7 MTD partitions on "ar91xx-flash":
0x000000000000-0x000000040000 : "u-boot"
0x000000040000-0x000000060000 : "u-boot-env"
0x000000060000-0x000000160000 : "kernel"
0x000000160000-0x000001fc0000 : "rootfs"
mtd: partition "rootfs" set to be root filesystem
mtd: partition "rootfs_data" created automatically, ofs=340000, len=1C80000
0x000000340000-0x000001fc0000 : "rootfs_data"
0x000001fc0000-0x000001fe0000 : "user_property"
0x000001fe0000-0x000002000000 : "art"
0x000000060000-0x000001fc0000 : "firmware"
Atheros AR71xx SPI Controller driver version 0.2.4
Realtek RTL8366S ethernet switch driver version 0.2.2
rtl8366s rtl8366s: using GPIO pins 19 (SDA) and 20 (SCK)
rtl8366s rtl8366s: RTL8366 ver. 1 chip found
rtl8366s: probed
eth0: Atheros AG71xx at 0xb9000000, irq 4
eth1: Atheros AG71xx at 0xba000000, irq 5
Atheros AR71xx hardware watchdog driver version 0.1.0
TCP westwood registered
NET: Registered protocol family 17
802.1Q VLAN Support v1.8 Ben Greear <greearb@candelatech.com>
All bugs added by David S. Miller <davem@redhat.com>
VFS: Mounted root (squashfs filesystem) readonly on device 31:3.
Freeing unused kernel memory: 152k freed
Please be patient, while OpenWrt loads ...
input: gpio-buttons as /devices/platform/gpio-buttons/input/input0
Button Hotplug driver version 0.3.1
eth0: link up (1000Mbps/Full duplex)
- preinit -
Registered led device: wzr-hp-g300nhrange:security
Registered led device: wzr-hp-g300nh:green:wireless
Registered led device: wzr-hp-g300nh:green:router
Registered led device: wzr-hp-g300nh:red:diag
Registered led device: wzr-hp-g300nh:blue:usb
Press the [f] key and hit [enter] to enter failsafe mode
- regular preinit -
jffs2 not ready yet; using ramdisk
mini_fo: using base directory: /
mini_fo: using storage directory: /tmp/root
- init -
eth0: link down

Please press Enter to activate this console. eth0: link up (1000Mbps/Full duplex
)
device eth0 entered promiscuous mode
br-lan: port 1(eth0) entering forwarding state
Compat-wireless backport release: compat-wireless-2011-11-08-1-g4ab9b62
Backport based on wireless-testing.git master-2011-11-15
cfg80211: Calling CRDA to update world regulatory domain
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
usbcore: registered new device driver usb
cfg80211: World regulatory domain updated:
cfg80211:     (start_freq - end_freq @ bandwidth), (max_antenna_gain, max_eirp)
cfg80211:     (2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)

ieee80211 phy0: Atheros AR9100 MAC/BB Rev:7 AR2133 RF Rev:a2 mem=0xb80c0000, irq
=2
PPP generic driver version 2.4.2
ip_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team
NET: Registered protocol family 24
ehci_hcd: USB 2.0 'Enhanced' Host Controller (EHCI) Driver
ar71xx-ehci ar71xx-ehci: Atheros AR91xx built-in EHCI controller
ar71xx-ehci ar71xx-ehci: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
ar71xx-ehci ar71xx-ehci: irq 3, io mem 0x1b000000
ar71xx-ehci ar71xx-ehci: USB 2.0 started, EHCI 1.00
usb usb1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice
hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 1-0:1.0: 1 port detected
nf_conntrack version 0.5.0 (967 buckets, 3868 max)
CONFIG_NF_CT_ACCT is deprecated and will be removed soon. Please use
CONFIG_NF_CT_ACCT is deprecated and will be removed soon. Please use
sysctl net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_acct=1 to enable it.
ohci_hcd: USB 1.1 'Open' Host Controller (OHCI) Driver
jffs2_scan_eraseblock(): End of filesystem marker found at 0x0
jffs2_build_filesystem(): unlocking the mtd device... done.
jffs2_build_filesystem(): erasing all blocks after the end marker... done.
mini_fo: using base directory: /
mini_fo: using storage directory: /overlay
发表于 2012-1-5 03:43 | 显示全部楼层
好强大
发表于 2012-1-5 04:17 | 显示全部楼层
这个来支持一下!
发表于 2012-1-5 20:22 | 显示全部楼层
这个来支持一下!
您需要登录后才可以回帖 登录 | 立即注册

本版积分规则

关闭

欢迎大家光临恩山无线论坛上一条 /1 下一条

有疑问请添加管理员QQ86788181|手机版|小黑屋|Archiver|恩山无线论坛(常州市恩山计算机开发有限公司版权所有) ( 苏ICP备05084872号 )

GMT+8, 2024-6-16 15:55

Powered by Discuz! X3.5

© 2001-2024 Discuz! Team.

| 江苏省互联网有害信息举报中心 举报信箱:js12377 | @jischina.com.cn 举报电话:025-88802724 本站不良内容举报信箱:68610888@qq.com

快速回复 返回顶部 返回列表